By Rick Sharga, Vice President of Marketing for RealtyTrac

One of the most overlooked and underestimated expenses involved in the purchase of a home is the cost of repairs. Whether the problem is a defective part in an appliance, a structural problem overlooked by the home inspector or just Murphy’s Law making its presence felt, it’s rarely the case that someone can buy a property and move in without spending at least a few dollars to fix, repair or replace something.

While these types of expenses are generally minimal in new homes and well-kept resale properties, they can be fairly significant when the home in question is a foreclosure property.

As housing prices have escalated over the past few years, more and more people have started to look at foreclosure properties as an affordable alternative to more traditional real estate purchases. It’s not unusual for a buyer to acquire a foreclosure property for 10 – 20% less than full market value, and sometimes at much more dramatic discounts of 40 – 50% or more. And online sources such as RealtyTrac make it easier than ever to find foreclosure properties. But while the savings possible on foreclosure properties are real—and really attractive—there are sometimes hidden costs involved.

One of these hidden costs is the cost of repairs. Foreclosure properties come in all shapes and sizes—from run-down mobile homes to palatial estates overlooking the ocean. But they all have at least one thing in common: their owner was in some state of financial difficulty. Generally, this means that a property in foreclosure may not have been kept up as well as a home buyer might like. It’s nearly a certainty that the typical foreclosure property hasn’t benefited from the type of pre-sales “fix-ups” that many homeowners perform to increase the sales price of their homes. And, as a rule, most foreclosure properties are offered “as is,” leaving it up to the buyer to find anything physically wrong with the property.

Is it worth saving 1% on a home purchase if it means doing extensive repairs? Probably not, for most people. On the other hand, saving $20,000 on the purchase may make it worth your while to invest in home repairs.

Determining the degree of disrepair can be something of a challenge as well. Early in the foreclosure process, when an owner is in Notice of Default (NOD), he or she may not be interested in discussing the sale of the home, making it impossible to do a thorough inspection. At the auction, or Notice of Trustee Sale (NTS) phase, bidders are generally required to buy the property as is, at the courthouse. And once the home has been foreclosed on by the bank, becoming a Real Estate Owned (REO) property, arrangements to inspect the property often need to be made with the lender.

“Foreclosure properties certainly present an attractive bargain, and often the amount of money needed to repair a foreclosure home is inconsequential compared to the possible savings. In fact, many successful investors have made a career buying, rehabbing and then selling these types of properties at a significant profit,” says Jim Saccacio, chief executive officer for RealtyTrac, the leading online marketplace for foreclosure properties. “But buyers do need to be diligent about determining the repair costs that will be incurred after the purchase. A property isn’t really a bargain if the cost of repairs equals or outweighs the savings on the purchase.”

Many investors routinely budget 10% of the purchase price of a foreclosure home for repairs. In a typical scenario, where a property with an estimated market value of $150,000 might be sold during the foreclosure process for $120,000—a 20% discount—that would amount to a repair budget of $12,000. In this scenario, the homebuyer still saves $18,000 on the purchase price, and likely increases the value of the home by doing the repairs. Each property, and each situation, is different. But it’s important to note that a difference of 10% in either the discount or repair costs would dramatically alter the financial outcome.

Example 1

Estimated Value: $150,000

20% Discount: $ 30,000

Purchase Price: $120,000

10% Repair Budget: $ 12,000

Total Cost: $132,000

Total Savings: $ 18,000

Example 2

Estimated Value: $150,000

10% Discount: $ 15,000

Purchase Price: $135,000

10% Repair Budget: $ 13,500

Total Cost: $148,500

Total Savings: $ 1,500

Example 3

Estimated Value: $150,000

20% Discount: $ 30,000

Purchase Price: $120,000

20% Repair Budget: $ 24,000

Total Cost: $144,000

Total Savings: $ 6,000

If you’re interested in buying a foreclosure property, the following tips should help ensure that you’ll really get your money’s worth.

1. Physically Inspect the Property

It’s imperative to physically inspect the property if at all possible. In some cases, such as auctions, there is little or no possibility of an inspection. However, if you are able to negotiate a deal with the property owner directly during NOD, or pre-foreclosure, it may be possible to set up a walk-through prior to conducting the sale. During the pre-foreclosure period, the owner has a chance to sell the property or pay off the amount owed before the property is sold at public auction or repossessed by the bank. You’ll also be able to set up a physical inspection if you purchase the property directly from the foreclosing bank after the property has been repossessed. You can locate pre-foreclosures, auctions and bank-owned properties by checking with the local recorder’s office or through online services like RealtyTrac, which maintains the nation’s largest database of foreclosure properties.

If you’re not able to physically inspect the inside of the property, assess the property’s condition as much as possible by driving by and looking at the exterior. Add extra padding into your repair budget for unexpected problems. When there is no physical inspection of the interior, most experts recommend that you cap your purchase price at no more than 70% of the property’s estimated market value. You can determine a property’s estimated market value using Comparable Sales, which are available through MLS listing from your real estate agent or online through RealtyTrac.

You should never assume the property is in move-in shape simply because the owner says it is. Even if the home owner is being completely honest, he or she probably isn’t as accurate or objective in assessing the condition of the home as most real estate professionals would be. And an owner may be completely unaware of a major problem with the home. The bottom line is that you need to do your own research and be as thorough as possible.

It’s wise to hire a professional inspector to come along with you. The trained eye of a professional inspector is priceless in this case because, regardless of how diligent you are in previewing the property yourself, you will undoubtedly miss items an inspector would catch. Make sure the inspector checks the electrical wiring and moisture levels, as well as asbestos, lead and carbon monoxide levels, especially in homes built prior to the 1990s.

2. Note Every Detail that Needs to be Fixed and the Estimated Cost for Each Repair

Have your inspector provide a list of all necessary repairs and, if possible, a ballpark estimate for what each of the repairs might cost. You can also ask the inspector for professional referrals for each individual problem area (roofing, plumbing, etc.). You can check with those professionals for approximate costs. Either way, you’ll know the true cost of the property you are buying.

If you find that your repair list is quite lengthy, you may want to reconsider whether the property is actually worth purchasing. If you’re dealing with home owners in default, you can’t expect them to have the resources to pay for any repairs before they sell the house, but you can use the cost of repairs to negotiate a lower purchase price. That’s why it’s imperative that you accurately document every single repair cost.

If you buy a bank-owned property, the bank will have the resources to make repairs, but they will roll their repair costs into the price of the house. And the bank may not be as motivated as you to get the best prices for the necessary repair work. If you want the best bargain, you’re often better off agreeing to buy the house “as is” from the bank.

3. Distinguish Between Cosmetic and Structural Repairs

While you may be completely correct that the property could use a new coat of paint and some fresh carpeting, your first concerns should be structural. For most people, this can be tough because it’s inherently difficult to look beyond a home’s aesthetic appeal when deciding whether or not to purchase it. Beyond that, most people don’t really know how to determine the structural integrity of a property, unless the defect is so obvious that the home probably shouldn’t even be considered for a purchase. This is yet another reason why it’s imperative to hire the services of a professional inspector: to keep you on task when determining what repairs the property actually needs to make it suitable for living.

Especially with older properties, another point to consider is that homes do require a certain amount of ongoing maintenance. It’s expected that any home will at some point need a new roof or appliances. Don’t let this cloud your judgment or turn you off. Instead, focus on signs of necessary repair such as leaks in the roof or other damage. Make sure all appliances are at least in working order and not emitting dangerous fumes. Overall, you should be more concerned with damage than age.

This is not to say that cosmetic repairs shouldn’t be taken into consideration. However, they should be prioritized properly, so that any repairs that make the property safe and livable are taken care of first. Your goal should be to prioritize a list of repairs from most to least crucial. You can use the information for negotiation and keep yourself on track for what should be handled first when you purchase the property.

The bottom line: know what your priorities are. Remember, while that gold-colored crown molding might be an eyesore, replacing it won’t make you sleep any better on a rainy night under a leaky roof.

4. Get as Much Information from the Owner as Possible about the Property’s History

Aside from the tips mentioned, it’s a good idea to get some history on any home you are thinking about buying. Actually talking with the owner of a property about what has been done to it over time is a great way to learn about potential flaws or concerns to look out for. You should ask what repairs have been made and when, as well as whether any structural changes have been made and whether these changes were permitted under the local building codes. Inquire whether the seller has paperwork to back up repairs that have been made. This information may alleviate suspicions you have about repairs that have supposedly been made and may also be helpful when applying for home insurance for the property.

Of course, you’ll only have the opportunity to talk with the owner if you’re purchasing pre-foreclosure. If you buy at the auction or from the bank, you’re buying from a third party who has no knowledge about the history of the property.

It’s important to estimate the cost of repairs when you purchase a foreclosure property, but your strategy for estimating those costs will vary depending on the status of foreclosure. You’ll usually have the most accurate estimate when you buy directly from the owner during pre-foreclosure because you’ll be able to conduct a complete physical inspection and find out information about the property’s history from the owner.

If you buy a bank-owned property, you’ll still be able to perform a complete physical inspection, but you should allow for a little extra room in your repairs budget because you won’t be able to find out about the property’s history. You’ll need to pad your repairs budget even more if you purchase a property at public auction, where you usually won’t be able to physically inspect the inside of the property.

When you properly account for the repair costs when buying a foreclosure, you’re much more likely to realize a great bargain on your next home or investment property.